This illustration shows the distortion of the observed shapes and positions of galaxies caused by weak gravitational lensing of the Universe’s large-scale structure, or “cosmic web.” The galaxies’ true shapes (teal) become warped as the light travels and bends past the galaxies and galaxy clusters of the cosmic web. By the time the light reaches us, the galaxies’ observed shapes and positions have changed (white). The effect is highly exaggerated in this illustration, and studies of weak lensing distortions used to measure how mass is distributed in the Universe typically require measurements of millions of galaxies. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe billions of galaxies and enable more precise weak lensing measurements than have been possible before.
Credit: Rubin Observatory/NSF/AURA/J. Pinto